Collection: BRINJAL

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Brinjal is also known as Eggplant or Aubergine. Brinjal is a staple in Indian kitchens and is a Popular vegetable worldwide. Brinjal is Known as the "King of Vegetables." Brinjal has glossy purple skin. The rich nutritional profile has earned Brinjal a place of honour in many dishes. Brinjal originates from the Indo-Burma region. Brinjal is known for absorbing flavours, making it a versatile ingredient in various culinary traditions.

Brinjal is scientifically named Solanum melongena. Brinjal belongs to the Solanaceae family. In India, Brinjal is one of the most commonly grown vegetables. Brinjal is Known by different names across India, such as Begun, Ringna, Baingan, Badane, Waangum, Vange, Vazhuthana, Kathiri, and Vankaya.

Begun is not just a culinary delight but also a powerhouse of nutrients. Vankaya is packed with calcium, phosphorus, iron, and Vitamin B. Moreover, Vazhuthana is valued for its medicinal benefits, particularly the ability of Vankaya to lower cholesterol, thanks to its polyunsaturated fatty acids. Begun is also known to aid in liver health and is used in various traditional remedies, including toothache treatments.

Beyond cooking, Baingan is a key ingredient in pickles and the dehydration industry. Even the green leaves of the Baingan plant are treasured for their appetizing, aphrodisiac, and heart-strengthening properties.

Climate for Brinjal Cultivation

Brinjal is a warm-season crop that thrives in long periods of warm weather. The optimal temperature for growing Baingan plant growth ranges between 22°C to 33°C. However, the Begun plant is susceptible to frost. Exposure of the Baingan plant to extremely cold temperatures can cause the ovaries to split, leading to the formation of abnormal Vankaya fruits.

Generally, late-maturing varieties of Baingan are more tolerant of cooler temperatures than early varieties. Baingan Plant is also sensitive to heavy rainfall, especially during flowering and fruit setting, which can adversely affect the crop.

Soil for Baingan Farming

Brinjal is adaptable to a wide range of soils. However, the soil should be deep, fertile, and well-drained for the best growth of Baingan plants. The ideal soil pH for Begun cultivation is between 5.5 to 6. While light soils are suitable for early Baingan crops, heavier soils are better for achieving higher yields.

Land Preparation for sowing Brinjal Seeds

Preparing the land for Vazhuthana involves tilling the soil to a fine texture through 4-5 rounds of ploughing. Incorporating well-decomposed Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at a rate of 25 tons per hectare during the final ploughing is recommended to enrich the soil and promote healthy Baingan plant growth.

Brinjal Seeds and Propagation Material

Selection of a Brinjal Variety

Choosing the right Brinjal variety is crucial, as preferences for colour, size, and other characteristics can vary significantly from region to region. A Baingan variety that is highly valued in one market may not be as desirable in another. For successful cultivation, selecting a Vazhuthana variety that meets local market demands is essential.

Additionally, Brinjal varieties with higher resistance to pests and diseases, sturdy growth habits, high yields, soft flesh, low seed content, low solanine levels, and attractive, glossy skins are generally preferred for commercial farming of Baingan.

Procurement of Brinjal Seeds

It is important to procure Brinjal seeds from reliable and authentic sources. At Desikheti, we offer a wide selection of high-quality Brinjal seeds that can be conveniently delivered to your doorstep.

Brinjal Seed rate

100 g of Brinjal seeds/acre of land.

Brinjal Seed Treatment

Hybrid and open-pollinated (OP) Brinjal seeds from the private sector are usually pre-treated with chemicals. However, if the Brinjal seeds are untreated, it's advisable to treat them with Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg of Brinjal seeds or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg of Brinjal seeds to protect them from diseases and enhance germination.

Time of Sowing Brinjal Seeds

Begun is a versatile crop grown across different seasons, depending on the region.

In the plains, Brinjal can be cultivated in three main seasons:

• Summer crop: Sow Brinjal seeds during February-March.
• Kharif crop: Sow Brinjal seeds in March-April.
• Rabi crop: Sow Brinjal seeds in October-November.

Brinjal seeds are typically sown in hilly regions in April-May, with Brinjal seedlings transplanted in May-June.

Method of Sowing Brinjal Seeds

Begun is primarily grown as a transplanted crop. The process begins with sowing Brinjal seeds in nursery beds. These beds are prepared by mixing equal parts of sand and well-decomposed farmyard manure with the soil. Raised beds, 60-75 cm wide and of suitable length, are then created.

Brinjal seeds are sown in lines spaced 5 cm apart. Cover the Brinjal seeds with a thin layer of soil and top them with paddy straw or dried grass. Brinjal seed germination usually occurs within 5-7 days. Once the Begun seedlings reach a height of 8 to 10 cm and have developed 2 to 3 true leaves, they are ready for transplanting.

Before transplanting, the Vankaya seedlings are hardened by withholding water for 4 to 6 days. Light irrigation is applied on the day of nursery pulling, and care is taken to lift the Vankaya seedlings without damaging the roots. During transplanting, the soil around the Vazhuthana seedlings should be pressed firmly.

The spacing for transplanting depends on the variety of Vankaya, soil fertility, and climatic conditions. Long-fruited Begun varieties should be spaced at 60 x 60 cm, while round-fruited varieties are best spaced at 75 x 75 cm.

During the rainy season, growing Baingan on raised beds or ridges is advisable. Small pits are dug on sloping land to prevent soil erosion, and Vazhuthana seedlings are planted in these pits.

Nutrient Management for Growing Begun

Begun is a long-duration crop, occupying the field for 6 to 8 months. Proper nutrient management is crucial, as low fertility can negatively affect Baingan flower and fruit production. Fertiliser needs vary by variety, season, and soil type, but a general recommendation is to incorporate about 25 tons per hectare of well-decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) during the last ploughing.

An NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) ratio of 100:80:60 kg per hectare is typically applied. Half of the nitrogen, along with the full amounts of phosphorus and potassium, should be applied just before transplanting Vankaya seedlings.

The fertiliser is to be mixed and applied along one side of the ridges as a band and mixed with the soil. The remaining nitrogen can be applied in two or three splits at intervals of 30 and 45 days after transplanting Baingan seedlings, depending on soil conditions.

Irrigation Management for Vankaya Cultivation

Baingan has shallow roots, which makes it dependent on frequent irrigation. During the summer, the Begun crop should be watered every 3 to 4 days, while in the winter, irrigation is needed every 12 to 15 days. Irrigation is generally not necessary during rainy periods.

The furrow system is commonly used for irrigation in Baingan crops, but drip irrigation is highly recommended as it improves water use efficiency and helps reduce weed growth.

Weed Management for Vazhuthana Farming

Effective weed management is vital for Begun, especially during the early stages of Baingan Plant growth. Manual weeding is commonly practised and usually involves 2-3 light hoeing or earthing-up sessions. This not only removes weeds but also improves root aeration and provides support to Vankaya Plant.

Shallow cultivation is preferred to control weed growth, as deep cultivation can damage Baingan plant roots and expose moist soil to the surface. Using black polythene mulches is also an effective strategy for suppressing weeds and promoting better Begun plant growth.

Pest and Disease Management in Brinjal Cultivation

Common Pests of Brinjal

Epilachna Beetle (Spotted Leaf Beetle) – Epilachna vigintioctopunctata

• One of the most common pests in Begun, the Epilachna Beetle, is known for its destructive feeding habits.
• The small, yellowish grubs begin feeding on the Baingan leaf surface as soon as they hatch, leaving behind the veins and veinlets.
• As they mature into cream-yellow grubs, they become voracious feeders, primarily targeting the underside of Begun leaves. This feeding behaviour leads to a lace-like appearance on the damaged leaves, a condition known as leaf skeletonization.
• Severe infestations can cause the Baingan leaves to dry up, giving the plant a sickly appearance.

2. Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer – Leucinodes orbonalis

• The Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer is one of the most damaging pests for Begun crops.
• During the vegetative stage, the caterpillars bore into the petioles, midribs, and young Baingan plant shoots, leading to drooping and wilting.
• In the fruiting stage, they enter the Begun fruits, creating small, initially invisible holes that later enlarge and become filled with excreta.
• Infested Baingan fruits are unfit for consumption or sale, and infestations can impact up to 70% of a crop.

3. Brinjal Stem Borer – Euzophera perticella

• Unlike other pests, the Brinjal Stem Borer exclusively targets the stem of the Baingan plant, specifically stems thicker than a pencil.
• The caterpillar enters the Begun stem near the ground level, usually at a leaf or branch axil, and seals the entry point with excreta and frass.
• This pest is more common in older Baingan plants, leading to wilting branches and stunted growth. In severe cases, the entire Begun plant may wilt and die.

4. Brinjal Meal